Life science education plays a crucial role in promoting sustainable and healthy societies by developing environmental awareness, health literacy, scientific understanding, and responsible citizenship among learners. The present study explored the significance of life science education in addressing global environmental and public health challenges such as climate change, pollution, biodiversity loss, and disease prevention. The study adopted a qualitative research methodology and used a descriptive research design to analyze the contribution of life science education toward sustainability and public well-being. Data were collected through interviews, focus group discussions, observations, and secondary sources including books, journals, and policy documents. The findings revealed that life science education encourages sustainable environmental practices and healthy lifestyles through subjects such as biology, ecology, environmental science, and health education. Inquiry-based and experiential learning methods, including laboratory work, field studies, and community projects, were found effective in improving scientific literacy and environmental responsibility. However, challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, lack of trained teachers, insufficient technological resources, and outdated curricula affected the effective implementation of life science education. The study concluded that curriculum reforms, teacher training, technological integration, and community participation are essential for strengthening life science education and achieving sustainable development and public health goals.